RL / RC / RLC Series

An RL circuit consists of a Resistor (R) and an Inductor (L).

The inductor opposes sudden changes in current.

Time Constant: τ=L/R

At t=0, the inductor behaves like an open circuit.

At steady state (DC), the inductor behaves like a short circuit.

Current increases or decreases exponentially.

Inductor stores energy: E=LI^2/2

An RC circuit consists of a Resistor (R) and a Capacitor (C).

The capacitor opposes sudden changes in voltage.

Time Constant: τ=RC

At t=0, the capacitor behaves like a short circuit.

At steady state (DC), the capacitor behaves like an open circuit.

Capacitor voltage changes exponentially.

Capacitor stores energy: E=CV^2/2

An RLC circuit contains a Resistor (R), Inductor (L), and Capacitor (C).

Energy is exchanged between the inductor and capacitor.

Resistor causes damping (reduces oscillations).

At resonance: XL=XC

Net reactance = 0

Impedance is minimum (series RLC)

Current is maximum